Free Ebook
20 Common Technical Fraud Signals
A field guide for sample buyers
We break the black box of "technical signals" into five types of fraud signals, then walk through the 20 signals inside them, covering what each detects, where each is ambiguous, and how to tell a vendor that understands its own tooling from one reading off a feature list.
Get the free ebook
Fill out the form and the download unlocks instantly.
What's Inside
Five types of signals, twenty signals total
Every signal in the guide is organized by the question it tries to answer. Each type gets its own chapter, with what each signal detects and where it gets ambiguous.
Type 01
Duplication & identity continuity
New respondent, or the same actor in a new form?
- Duplicate fingerprints
- Project-level overlap
- Subnet patterns
- Prior behavior history
Type 02
Network concealment & routing
Where did this traffic really come from?
- VPN usage
- Tor
- Public proxy
- Web proxy
Type 03
Automation & synthetic environments
Is software steering the session instead of a person?
- Emulators
- AI & agent orchestration
- navigator.webdriver
- Developer tools
Type 04
Reputation & historical abuse
What has this environment been tied to before?
- Crawler history
- Internet fraud history
- Retail & ad-tech fraud
- Recent abuse
Type 05
Orchestration & obfuscation
Is this one attempt, or a coordinated, concealed operation?
- External risk-score failure
- WebRTC inconsistencies
- Batch entrants
- Obfuscation mechanisms